The protein then moves to the cell's surface and triggers an immune response. Still, relying on an ultracold chain is expensive, and in some places it may make more sense to distribute a vaccine that can tolerate warmer temperatures even if it's less effective.īoth the Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines give the body's cells an mRNA template for making the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. "In all likelihood, we'll need a wide range of supply chain tools" to distribute COVID-19 vaccines, says Daniel Lieberman, a mechanical engineer with Global Health Labs in Seattle, a nonprofit created by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and by the private office of Bill Gates (who also funded Arktek's development). There, for the past 5 years, a high-tech thermos called Arktek has helped distribute Ebola vaccines that must be kept ultracold. Public health officials have even found ways to keep a vaccine ultracold, between –60☌ to –80☌, in places like sub-Saharan Africa. Many types of vaccines must be stored and transported frozen, via a cold supply chain. Moderna says years of development work enabled its vaccine to be stored at higher temperatures, but last week another mRNA vaccine company announced it is testing a COVID-19 vaccine that early studies suggest can survive at the even warmer temperatures of 2☌ to 8☌ found in refrigerators. That difference means Moderna's vaccine should be easier to distribute and store, particularly in the rural United States and developing countries that lack ultracold freezers. That's where the Moderna vaccine may have an edge: Unlike Pfizer's and BioNTech's offering, it does not have to be stored at –70☌, but can tolerate a much warmer –20☌, which is standard for most hospital and pharmacy freezers. Both vaccines use a novel technology-strands of messenger RNA (mRNA), held within lipid particles-that is vulnerable to degradation at room temperature and requires doses to be frozen for transportation, then thawed for use. Now, the next hot vaccine topic is, well, heat. Today's dramatic news that Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine might work as well as one made by Pfizer and BioNTech means the world could have two powerful weapons to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
Set the ABC News website or the app to " Tasmania Top Stories" from either the homepage or the settings menu in the app to continue getting the same national news but with a sprinkle of more relevant state stories.Science's COVID-19 reporting is supported by the Pulitzer Center and the Heising-Simons Foundation. If it is any consolation, Tasmania's temperatures are expected to be above average over summer period, she added. "October rainfall across Tasmania has been just over 70 per cent the average, making it the 10th wettest October on record," Ms Tabor said. The cooler November weather follows a waterlogged October. October across Tasmania was the 10th wettest on record. "Then it will shift south westerly overnight and continue into Monday."
People in Tasmania's western, central and southern areas should prepare for a "cold westerly blast come in during Sunday", Ms Tabor said.
Weather records dating back to 1861 show Hobart's higher elevations have enjoyed snowfalls 25 times since then. "In 1897 in November it was 38 degrees one day in Hobart, 17 degrees the next day. In 2015 it was 36 degrees one day in November in Hobart, 15 degrees the next."
Tasmania had a long history of keeping people guessing as to what to wear and not just in November, she said. "I'm eager to see what the next numerical models bring in for Sunday night and Monday because they are suggesting it may even go to around 300 or 400 metres". "We're certainly getting some snow around on Sunday night to around 500 metres. ( Supplied: Nathalia Secco)ĭeb Tabor from the Bureau of Meteorology said islanders were in for "pretty chilly conditions and certainly not the average conditions for spring" over the next few days. Hobart's higher elevations have enjoyed November snowfalls 25 times since 1861.
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